The pine shoot beetle tomicus piniperda as a plausible. The common pine shoot beetle, like several bark beetles, is part of the weevil family curculionidae. They cause damage to species of the pinus, abies, larix and picea genus. All species of tomicus are known to be destructive. The first natural area where tomicus was found to be established was at the indiana dunes state park, in northwestern indiana near the lake michigan shoreline. All structured data from the file and property namespaces is available under the creative commons cc0 license. Pdf a new leptographium species associated with tomicus. Pine shoot beetle, tomicus piniperda linnaeus insecta. Common pine shoot beetle national invasive species. This fungus is pathogenic to pines and is an important cause of bluestain in the sapwood of infested trees.
Semiochemical disruption of the pine shoot beetle, tomicus. Leptographium wingfieldii is a wellknown fungal associate of the pine shoot beetle, tomicus piniperda, in europe. In 1864, eichhoff moved the species to the new genus blastophagus, and in 1878 created the new genus myelophilus. A federal quarantine restricts shipment of infested pine christmas trees into. Unfortunately, because of the similarity of the two species, much of the biological information available on t. There are low numbers of pine shoot beetle in scattered pockets of franklin and oxford counties. Pdf new lure for the larger pine shoot beetle, tomicus. Previously, there have been two approved lures for tomicus piniperda listed on the caps approved methods for the 2012 survey season.
The international movement of nonnative forest insects is a threat to forest sustainability worldwide. Notes on taxonomy and nomenclature top of page tomicus piniperda was described by linnaeus in 1758 as dermestes piniperda. Development of an improved attractive lure for the pine. Tomicus piniperda and tomicus destruens coleoptera, curculionidae, scolytinae cause economic damage to pines in europe and around the.
Pine shoot beetletomicus piniperdanorth america quarantine area. Pdf morphological separation of tomicus piniperda and t. Wisconsin is part of a federal quarantine that also includes other states in the midwest and on the east coast. Host preference of tomicus piniperda and tomicus destruens. In 2003 pine shoot beetle was detected in ramsey, dakota and anoka counties in minnesota.
Life cycle adult tomicus piniperda overwinter in the shoots or on the bark of pine trees. Recently cut pine stumps, trees, or logs are frequently present in christmas tree production fields and can be colonized by parent beetles. Leptographium wingfieldii introduced into north america and found associated with exotic tomicus piniperda and native bark beetles volume 108 issue 4 karin jacobs, dale r. Tomicus destruens in the mediterranean region, which differs in details of ecology, infesting primarily stone pine p. The common pine shoot beetle tomicus piniperda is an invasive species from europe and asia that feeds primarily on pine tree species, pinus spp. Tomicus piniperda, the pine shoot beetle, is an exotic insect that was first found in north america in 1992.
Bodies of larvae are white with a brown head, legless, slightly curved, reaching a length of. Pests of trees and shrubs pine shoot beetle pdf 28 kb university of minnesota. Oct 01, 2019 pine shoot beetle, tomicus piniperda linnaeus, a beetle, family scolytidae, is a serious pest of pine trees, and also known to damage fir, larch, and spruce trees by attacking the trunks and stems. An optimized, patented lure for the larger pine shoot beetle, tomicus piniperda has been developed and tested in the united states, poland, and croatia. Tomicus piniperda is an invasive species from europe and. The pine shoot beetle, tomicus piniperda, is a potential vector of the pitch canker disease pathogen. However, experts estimate that this pest has probably been in this country since the late 1950s. We evaluated blends of semiochemical disruptants, which included nonhost volatiles and verbenone, for their ability to disrupt attraction of t. Scolytidae, is an exotic pest of pine in north america.
Media in category tomicus piniperda the following 19 files are in this category, out of 19 total. The pine shoot beetle threatens wisconsins christmas tree industry. Tomicus piniperda common pine shoot beetle is a bark beetle native throughout europe, northwestern africa, and northern asia. The alpha pinene lure is an ungelled lure in a bottle dispenser that has been used by the ppq program for tomicus piniperda pine shoot. Tomicus was discovered in ohio in 1992 and as of august 1998 it has spread to 243 counties in nine us states illinoisil, indianain, michiganmi, ohiooh. Tomicus piniperda linnaeus, a pine shoot beetle native to europe, was first discovered in the united states in july of this year in a christmas. Pine shoot beetlewhich primarily attacks stressed or dying pine treeshas spread slowly throughout the north and central united states, causing minimal damage to native pines. Start this article has been rated as startclass on the projects quality scale.
This file contains additional information such as exif metadata which may have been added by the digital camera, scanner, or software program used to create or digitize it. Species closely related to tomicus piniperda include tomicus minor lesser pine shoot beetle, with a similar distribution but ecologically separated, using standing dead pines and with its breeding galleries across the grain, not parallel to it. In other experiments trees were baited with a mixture of. Populations have not reached levels where damage is detectable. The adults cause the most destruction and can stunt the growth of trees. Healthy scots pine trees, which usually are not attacked byt. The pine shoot beetle tomicus piniperda as a plausible vector. A federal quarantine currently regulates movement of pine.
The beetles exit the overwintering site and begin flying about when the temperature reaches or exceeds 53. Files are available under licenses specified on their description page. The pine shoot beetle tomicus piniperda l psb is native to europe, north africa and asia. Simulation of mate finding behaviour in pine shoot beetles, tomicus piniperda. Simulation of mate finding behaviour in pine shoot beetles. The tomicus genus is composed of seven species of coleoptera from the subfamily scolytinae curculionidae. It is believed that it was first introduced to north america on ships transporting lumber from europe, and was first detected in 1992 in the state of ohio. A new leptographium species associated with tomicus piniperda infesting pine logs in korea. Tomicus piniperda is native to most of europe and asia.
Forest entomology suitability of some southern and western pines as hosts for the pine shoot beetle, tomicus piniperda coleoptera. Agriculture common pine shoot beetle exterior quarantine. Established populations of the eurasian pine shoot beetle tomicus piniperda l. If the file has been modified from its original state, some details such as the timestamp may not fully reflect those of the original file. Tomicus piniperda is one of the most destructive shootfeeding species in northern europe, where it can cause losses of 2045% in growth and volume in pine trees and their production. Suitability of some southern and western pines as hosts. Olfactory recognition of hosttree susceptibility by pine. Genetic relatedness of north american populations of tomicus. Pine shoot beetles, or psb, are in the family curculionidae, subfamily scolytinae. Differential shoot feeding by adult tomicus piniperda.
Tomicus piniperda linnaeus, a pine shoot beetle native to europe, was first discovered in the united states in july 1992 in a christmas tree plantation in ohio. This species overwinters as an adult, either in hollowed twigs or in galleries at the base of the tree, emerging as early as february in warm localities. After the great gale of 1987, the role of the pine shoot beetle, tomicus piniperda, as a vector of blue stain fungi to windblown pine in southern england was examined by macerating adult beetles and culturing the macerate on various agar media. The two lures were the 1 alpha pinene lure and 2 alpha pinene uhr lure. Isolations were also made from pine tissue associated with beetle galleries and tunnels. Tomicus destruens in the mediterranean region, which differs in details of ecology, infesting.
An algorithm for animal searching behaviour was constructed that allows independent variation of movement parameters such as speed, duration, step size, and maximum right or left turn angle. Performance of the pine shoot beetles, tomicus piniperda l. Its primary host plant is scots pine pinus sylvestris, but it also uses european black pine p. Tomicus piniperda is primarily a pest of pine, pinus. Ipm of midwest landscapes is available for educating growers, landscapers, managers, and consumers in the principles of ipm and its application to managing the over 150 common insect species in midwest landscapes. A federal quarantine restricts shipment of infested pine christmas trees into uninfested areas. The larger pine shoot beetle tomicus piniperda, a native bark beetle of europe and asia, was found in north american christmas tree plantations in 1992 in ohio. A federal quarantine currently restricts movement of pine products, including christmas trees, from infested to uninfested counties. Host preference of tomicus piniperda and tomicus destruens for three pine species teresa vasconcelos, neusa nazare department of exacts and environmental sciences, escola superior agraria, politechnical institute of coimbra, portugal. Initial infestation of scots pine by tomicus minor. We have investigated the semiochemical basis of the mass aggregation of pine shoot beetles, tomicus piniperda, on storminjured scots pine. Gallery initiation by tomicus piniperda coleoptera. Tomicus species coleoptera, scolytidae are important pests of pine forest in eurasia, europe and the mediterranean, with the common pine shoot beetle tomicus piniperda reported to be the second most destructive shootfeeding species in europe.
Tomicus species are univoltine and have two dispersal phases per generation. Threats to pine stands by the pine shoot beetles tomicus piniperda l. Pine shoot beetle, tomicus piniperda edis university of florida. Scolytinae 2 biology the following information is derived from hanson 1940, who studied the lifecycle of tomicus piniperda in great britain. It is one of the most destructive shootfeeding species in northern europe. In may or june, larvae pupate at the end of their feeding galleries. The alpha pinene lure is an ungelled lure in a bottle dispenser that has been used by the ppq program for tomicus piniperda pine shoot beetle. This species overwinters as an adult, either in hollowed twigs or in galleries at the base of the tree, emerging. The pine shoot beetle tomicus piniperda as a vector of blue.
The pine shoot beetle, tomicus piniperda coleoptera. The common pine shoot beetle tomicus piniperda is an invasive. The distribution of two taxa are unknown as they have until recently been considered separate species. Tomicus piniperda is currently found in 17 states in the northeast and midwest as well as in the provinces of ontario and quebec. Scolytidae is a native of eurasia and attacks primarily pine trees pinus. Predicting the distribution of the two bark beetles tomicus destruens. The primary host of the genus is pine pinus but these beetles will also infest a variety of other conifer species including firs abies and spruce picea. Attraction of the bark beetle tomicus piniperda and some other bark. Studies on fungi associated with tomicus piniperda l. Tomicus piniperda, the pine shoot beetle, is a pest of pines in africa, asia, and europe that was first detected in the united states in a christmas. Fusarium circinatum, the causal agent of pitch canker disease, currently affects pinus radiata in northern spain, causing pitchsoaked cankers and tree death. Tomicus brevipilosus was described by schedl 1946 as a species very similar to t. Usually the larvae damage the wood ruining it for production. The following key was designed so that entomologists with little taxonomic experience in bark beetles scolytidae could recognize t.
New introduction common pine shoot beetle, tomicus piniperda l. The larvae are typical beetle larvae, and are legless, up to. Scolytidae on their principal and secondary hosts, pinus. Impacts of tomicus minor on distribution and reproduction of tomicus piniperda col. Studies of fungi associated with tomicus piniperda l.
Tomicus piniperda linnaeus, a pine shoot beetle native to europe, was. Tomicus piniperda is within the scope of wikiproject beetles, an attempt to better organize information in articles related to beetles. However, little is known of how bark beetles select their host from among other plant and tree species 1, or what may attract the first individuals to a susceptible host. Aim, location tomicus coleoptera, scolytidae species are some of the principal pests of eurasian forest and are represented by three coexisting species in spain, tomicus piniperda linnaeus, 1758, tomicus destruens wollaston, 1865 and tomicus minor harting, 1834. Pine shoot beetle tomicus piniperda is a nonnative pest of pine trees in wisconsin. Galleries of tomicus piniperda linnaeus, a pine shoot beetle. The insect could transmit the pathogenic fungus during its maturation or regeneration feeding on the shoots of healthy pine crowns. The larvae soon emerge and feed in separate galleries 2. Origin tomicus piniperda is native to most of europe and asia. Pine shoot beetle tomicus piniperda north america quarantine area.
Tomicus bastophagus myelophilus piniperda originating in infested counties mccullough and l. Tomicus piniperda linnaeus, a pine shoot beetle native to europe, was fllst discovered in the united states in july of this year in a christmas tree plantation in ohio. Leptographium wingfieldii introduced into north america. In 1802, latreille established the genus tomicus with the type species t. Tomicus piniperda populations in the great lakes region originated from founder insects of unknown numbers and origins that represent a. Life cycle overwintering adults emerge during the first warm. Leptographium wingfieldii introduced into north america and. Low this article has been rated as lowimportance on the projects importance scale. Pine shoot beetle was first found in ohio in 1992, it has since spread through the great lakes and northeastern north america.
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